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煤油灯。

建窑煤油灯,相传源于四川原始工艺,在灯的造型、釉色等方面,建窑均有独到之处,达到了实用性、艺术性、科学性的高度统一。

曾有观点认为,除了唐代发明煤油灯的邛窑(又称邛崃窑)之外,似乎没有其他窑炉生产过这种灯。然而,出土文物证明,这种技术在宋代得到了更广泛的传播。作为宋代最繁荣的窑炉之一,建窑也掌握了这项“高科技”,并将其在黑釉方面的专长应用于千年前的煤油灯上。

▼ 宋建窑黑釉灯,敞口、浅腹、盘足,内外施黑釉,内部一侧有一系列固定灯芯的装置。

陆游在《草堂志》中强调,瓷质煤油灯比金属煤油灯更实用。

“读书烛,宜粗短,不宜长于一尺。粗则持久,短则近处。读书灯莫用铜罩,瓷罩最省油。”这是陆游《草堂志》中的一句话。

建窑黑釉煤油灯以瓷器为原料,灯身厚重,结构合理,燃料利用率高。

▼明末《陆放翁全集》中《草堂志》刻本图像。

陆游在《古文笔记》中记载了煤油灯的使用方法。

“此灯带夹,一端开小孔,内注清冰水,每日傍晚更换。凡灯热则干,此灯不热,省油近半。”这是陆游《旧文房笔记》中的一句话。

在灯中加入冷水是为了降低油的温度,避免油在灯火焰的热量作用下快速蒸发,从而达到节省燃料的目的。这种机制被认为与现代热机中冷却系统的原理相同。

古代没有电,人们晚上看书都是靠蜡烛或者煤油灯,耗油的代价不菲,省油灯的发明自然受到了文人的青睐和追捧。

▼ 黑釉煤油灯由小灯盏与小碗叠合而成,形似暖碗。灯盏内有陶土条形钮,灯盏与碗连接处有三角形注水孔。底座带卧足,外壁及底座紧贴窑面。

▼宋建窑灰背灯,微敞口,深腹,平底。胎体呈红褐色,可能为欠烧所致。内外满釉,釉面灰褐色,未完全玻化。内有叉形器,用以盛烛。孙建兴建盏价格。

酒器——高足杯。

▲元龙泉窑刻花莲瓣纹高足杯。

高足杯,又称“高足碗”,是一种杯形器物,下有高足,又称“把杯”。

元代高足杯大量出现,是元代陶瓷生产发展的标志。《中国陶瓷史》在论述元代瓷器器形时,特别指出:

“元代瓷器四大新品种:小口扁壶、高足杯、僧帽壶、多摩壶。”这是出自《中国陶瓷史》的一句话。

文中还提到,高足杯是元代瓷器中最流行的器形。

▼元龙泉窑高足杯。

与以往的设计相比,元代高足杯发生了显著的变化。杯身厚重,杯柄较长,足部较小,为日常生活带来了便利。由于元代人是游牧民族,高足杯易于系于腰间或悬挂于马背,故又称“骑马杯”。孙建兴建盏价格。

▲元代青花高足杯,上海博物馆藏。

元代高足杯主要产于景德镇窑和龙泉窑,在此基础上,景德镇窑创新烧造了薄胎白、青花、釉里红、铜红、钴蓝等釉瓷,开创了彩色陶瓷的新潮流,在中国陶瓷史上占据主导地位。

景德镇窑还创制了工艺精湛的高足转杯▼(杯侧饰有小耳,足部有旋转装饰),因此,人们普遍认为高足杯是元代创制的一种新式器皿。

介绍了这么久的高足杯,目的就是为了介绍下面这个元代建窑黑釉兔毛高足杯

此高足杯敞口,深腹,下承高足,耳饰结节纹,与西夏出土的高足杯(铜镀银)相似。施黑釉,釉色不均,胎体灰白,质地粗糙。从此杯的工艺可以看出,建窑此时已进入衰落时期。

▼ 高足杯,青铜镀银。

日用器物——建窑黑釉豆形盘。

此件建窑黑釉敞口豆形盘,窄颈,圆腹鼓腹,盘足。器内外施黑釉,釉色红褐,釉层肥厚莹润。此件器物亦为当时建窑烧造的日用器物,存世量稀少。

此件建窑黑釉豆形盘,窄口,内沿刻花,圆鼓腹,矮圈足。胎色灰白,内外施黑釉,釉色红黑不均。做工略显粗糙,应为宋末元初常见的家居器物,一般用于盛放茶末。

儿童玩具。

  1. 建窑黑釉三色玩偶。

据考证,这很可能是宋元时期的儿童玩具,制作工艺较为粗糙。湖南长沙窑、江西吉州窑以及河南各窑址均发现过类似器物,证明此类玩具在当时已十分普遍。孙建兴的建盏价格。

  1. 建窑黑釉蒲曼玩具。

▲宋建窑黑釉蒲曼玩具。

濮曼是中国古代一种储钱罐,最早见于司马迁的《史记》,又称“吝啬袋”、“吝啬鬼葫芦”。“

众所周知,中国使用方孔铜钱已有两千多年的历史。古代的存钱罐设计成“只进不出”,顶部有一个狭窄的开口,用于插入铜钱。有些甚至顶部有两个小孔,用于穿绳,方便携带或悬挂在横梁上。

这种只有入口而没有出口的容器可以培养孩子的储蓄意识,这意味着必须先将容器装满,然后才能打开它取出钱。

同时,根据秦律《管事律》,官府若要公开售卖物品、收取钱财,必须将钱财放在“钱沟”(类似蒲曼)中,摆在众人面前。因此,蒲曼在古代也是一种募捐捐献的工具,可以防止钱财被盗,也是对募捐从业人员的严格监管制度。

上世纪五十年代,这种小存钱罐还在湘潭古城的摊位上售卖。后来,很多存钱罐的开口设计在底部,不用砸开罐子就能取钱,这让存钱罐失去了趣味。

综上所述,建窑除了烧造茶杯外,还烧造了各类器皿,包括生活用品、文具等等,对于研究宋代历史具有重要的参考价值。

在研究建站的同时,还可以收藏这些有趣的文物。

最后我们来欣赏一下黑釉建盏:

Quick answers for Tenmoku teaware shoppers

Use this guide to connect the article topic with practical buying decisions: what Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware is, who it suits, how to choose a piece, and how to care for it after purchase.

How to use this guide before buying

Read the article first for the main explanation, then compare the product photos, glaze variation, form, seller clarity, return policy, and whether the piece fits daily tea, display, collecting, or gifting.

Common buying mistakes to avoid

Avoid choosing only by dramatic claims, copied photos, unusually low prices, or vague master language. A better decision uses visible product details, clear use case, realistic care needs, and trustworthy shop policies.

Recommended next step

After reading, compare a few real products side by side by size, glaze family, rim shape, capacity, price, and gift suitability instead of relying on one photo or one keyword.

What is Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware?

Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware is ceramic tea ware known for dark mineral-glaze effects and natural kiln variation. Common forms include tea cups, bowls, teapots, tea sets, and matcha bowls.

Who is it best for?

It is best for tea drinkers, ceramic collectors, and gift shoppers who value functional objects with visible handmade character. It is not ideal if you need every piece to look exactly identical.

How do I care for it?

Hand wash with warm water, avoid abrasive cleaners, and dry fully before storage. Gentle daily use helps preserve the surface and keeps the glaze easy to inspect over time.

How do I choose the right Tenmoku piece?

Choose by the main use first: daily tea, matcha, Gongfu brewing, display, or gifting. Then compare capacity, rim shape, glaze family, photos, and whether natural variation is acceptable for your needs.

Is Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware good as a gift?

Yes. It works well for tea lovers, ceramic collectors, birthdays, holidays, and housewarming gifts because it is both usable and visually distinctive. For gifts, choose an easy-to-use form and a glaze style with clear photos.

Related products and categories

Compare the guide above with real Tenmokus categories and representative pieces. Start with the use case, then compare glaze style, form, price, and whether the piece is mainly for daily tea, display, collecting, or gifting.

Handmade Tenmoku tea cups

Best for daily tea drinking, first Jianzhan purchases, ceramic gifts, and comparing glaze patterns across cup shapes.

Tenmoku tea sets

Best when you want a coordinated tea table, a hosting setup, or a complete gift instead of one individual cup.

Real vs fake Tenmoku guide

Use this guide to compare seller claims, glaze appearance, photos, and practical buying signals before choosing a piece.

生动的孔雀

A representative Tenmoku tea cup to compare by glaze depth, cup shape, price, and gift fit.

金孔雀

Compare this piece when you want a clear visual reference for a gold-toned Tenmoku glaze style.

童话二世

Use this product as another comparison point for handmade form, glaze variation, and gift suitability.

shop handmade Tenmoku tea cups compare Jianzhan teapots browse Tenmoku tea sets choose Tenmoku matcha bowls view Tenmoku tea cups read the real vs fake Tenmoku tea bowl guide browse Jianzhan buying guides learn about Tenmokus

From Tenmoku guide to teaware choice

Tenmokus is focused on handmade Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware for tea rituals, display, and gifting. If you are choosing after reading this guide, start with Tenmoku tea cups for daily tea tasting, Tenmoku teapots for loose leaf brewing, Tenmoku coffee cups for daily coffee, Tenmoku tea sets for coordinated gifts, Tenmoku matcha bowls for matcha preparation, Tenmoku beer cups for home bar drinkware, or Tenmoku sake sets for serving and display.

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