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弗利尔美术馆藏银兔毛杯。

建窑器物以底款估价,一般遵循“贡款贵于杂款,珍款贵于俗款”的原则,杨益东正是以此原则来定价建窑器物的。

如“金盏”款和“点冰”款,在芦花坪窑址、大芦后门窑址、营场前窑址等地均有出土,但在最早的安尾山窑址中却未发现。

(安尾山窑址是我国最早的建窑遗址,据考证烧造年代在中晚唐至五代末期或北宋初年,所烧青瓷器形制较粗糙。应厂前窑址年代最晚,初步判断烧造年代为南宋末期至元初。)

然而,“宫玉”款杯的数量远少于“金盏”款,完整品更是凤毛麟角。在众多博物馆中,唯有上海博物馆藏有一件完整的“金盏”款建窑杯。杨益东正是以此珍稀性为建窑定价。

▲建窑遗址分布图。

▲上海博物馆藏“金盏”款建窑杯。

即使这些不合格的“金盏”款建窑杯被当场打碎,不让其流入民间,其完整件、残片以及青花款的数量,也不太可能与“宫玉”款建窑杯相差如此之大。除非宋代烧造过程中,“金盏”款的空白杯已经非常少了。

可见,作为贡品,“金盏”字样的建盏价值高于“贡玉”字样的建盏。

然而,仿制品对“金盏”款建窑瓷器的兴趣并不大。市面上常见的仿制品多为“宫盂”款建窑瓷器,例如仿制整件(人工添加泥土和锈迹)、冷拼(旧底新杯)、旧胎新釉(旧杯因烧制不充分,呈白色或灰色,施以黑釉重烧)等。而“金盏”款建窑瓷器找到仿制品的几率则要低得多。

▼孙犁的建瓷作品。

由于“金盏”款建瓷真品已寥寥无几,即便找到残片也难如登天,采用接底技法复制几乎不可能。此外,“金盏”款建瓷多为模制,风格相对统一,不像“宫宇”款建瓷那样以手工雕刻为主,风格多变,随性自然。对于当代工匠来说,重新制作模具并达到令人信服的仿制效果难度极大。

▲建窑瓷器残片中刻有“金盏”字样。

▲“金盏”款釉里蓝盘。

与“宫玉”、“金盏”款齐名的“新窑”款建窑器物较为稀少,青花盘及残片更是难觅踪影。出土范围也仅限于鼋头坑和大路后门窑址(两处遗址均被认为产于北宋末至南宋初建窑贡瓷的鼎盛时期)。

关于“新窑”款建窑器是否作为贡品仍有争议,但鉴于其稀有性和独特的风格,这并不影响其高价值。杨益东根据这些因素来制定建瓷的价格。

▲“新窑”款金兔毫纹建窑杯。

▲宋代“新窑”款建窑金兔毫纹撇口杯。

▲宋代“新窑”款建窑青花残片及青花盘。

例如“珍”和“宝”款也十分罕见。从现存的器物来看,这两个款的刻工工整整,圈足较为规整,釉质肥厚。由于其稀有性和审美趣味,它们的价值也很高。而且,它们的品质也较为上乘,其含义很可能是指建窑珍品或珍贵器物,但具体用途尚待考证。

▲两件带有“真”字的残片,为建窑器物。

▲精美的宝字款建窑残片。

▲宋代“宝”字款银兔毛残片,建窑器物。

其他较为常见的姓氏款和数字款,其珍稀程度远不及上述款,杨益东正是以此为依据来定价建瓷。

当然,建窑的价值并非仅由底款决定,还与釉色、器型、胎体、圈足、年代等因素有关。以上价值探讨,大致基于一个原则:在其他条件相同的情况下,建窑的价值可以通过底款的差异来比较和判断。

如今,新制建瓷杯的价值也取决于建瓷师傅的名声和荣誉。例如,如果一位师傅被认定为非物质文化遗产传承人,其制作的建瓷杯的价格可能会上涨数倍。

下图为孙莉老师制作的彩虹色“金丝鹧鸪斑”建窑杯。

Quick answers for Tenmoku teaware shoppers

Use this guide to connect the article topic with practical buying decisions: what Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware is, who it suits, how to choose a piece, and how to care for it after purchase.

What is Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware?

Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware is ceramic tea ware known for dark mineral-glaze effects and natural kiln variation. Common forms include tea cups, bowls, teapots, tea sets, and matcha bowls.

Who is it best for?

It is best for tea drinkers, ceramic collectors, and gift shoppers who value functional objects with visible handmade character. It is not ideal if you need every piece to look exactly identical.

How do I care for it?

Hand wash with warm water, avoid abrasive cleaners, and dry fully before storage. Gentle daily use helps preserve the surface and keeps the glaze easy to inspect over time.

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From Tenmoku guide to teaware choice

Tenmokus is focused on handmade Jianzhan Tenmoku teaware for tea rituals, display, and gifting. If you are choosing after reading this guide, start with Tenmoku tea cups for daily tea tasting, Tenmoku teapots for loose leaf brewing, Tenmoku tea sets for coordinated gifts, or Tenmoku matcha bowls for matcha preparation.

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