Only by meeting these criteria can it be called "Tenmoku"

Tenmoku is a black-glazed porcelain made by the Jian kiln during the Song dynasty, and it is known as a famous kiln that only produced one type of ware. Tenmoku became popular throughout the country during the Song dynasty due to its special tea culture, and today it is also highly sought after by tea lovers and collectors. So what are the characteristics that a Tenmoku must have?

1. Iron clay body.

      The raw material for Tenmoku's clay body is the local clay of Shuiji. The color of the Tenmoku's clay body must typically be a green brick color, representing its high iron content, and the texture must be rough with an ancient taste.

      The green brick color of the iron clay body is a prerequisite for the traditional firing of Tenmoku. During the firing process of Tenmoku, the clay body also undergoes kiln transformation. If it is not an iron clay body, it will affect the quality of Tenmoku and make it difficult to achieve a high-quality product.

2. Kiln transformation black glaze.

The kiln transformation black glaze is the lifeblood of Tenmoku. The iron crystal glaze is subjected to strong reduction and oxidation reactions by oxygen and carbon monoxide at high temperatures of around 1300℃, resulting in the magical iron crystal spots on the black glaze surface of Tenmoku. As the saying goes, "one color when entering the kiln, and a thousand colors when leaving." The high temperature and reactions inside the kiln create the stunning appearance of Tenmoku when it is taken out of the kiln. What's even more valuable is that there are no two identical Tenmoku cups.

     

3. Limited materials.

The rich clay resources favored the Jian kiln, and the credit for Tenmoku's ability to transform into various shapes must be attributed to the materials. The iron clay body of Tenmoku is made from the iron-rich clay near the Shuiji local Song dynasty Jian kiln site.

The glaze water is made from raw glaze minerals and plant ash. A purely natural formula can also create a myriad of colors on the glaze surface of Tenmoku.

The materials used for Tenmoku are limited, and other black-glazed kilns in other regions use different materials, but none of them can achieve the same special effects as the hare's fur, oil spots, and transmutation effects obtained by the Jian kiln.

A Tenmoku must possess these characteristics: iron clay body, magical iron crystal spots, and directional materials, in order to be born in the blazing kiln fire and shine with bright light.